Canada — Visa & Airports

US, UK, EU, Australian, NZ, and Japanese passport holders don't need a visa for stays up to 6 months, but all air arrivals except US citizens need an eTA (CAD 7, apply online, usually approved within minutes). Land/sea arrivals from the US are visa-free without eTA. CBSA officers have wide discretion; carry proof of onward travel and funds.

Main airports: Toronto Pearson (YYZ) is the primary hub with Terminals 1 and 3; Vancouver (YVR) and Montréal–Trudeau (YUL) handle most transatlantic and transpacific traffic. Calgary (YYC), Edmonton (YEG), Ottawa (YOW), and Halifax (YHZ) are secondary gateways. US pre-clearance at YYZ, YVR, YUL, YYC, YEG, YOW, YHZ, and YWG lets you clear US immigration before boarding.